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Dog Vaccinations

Everything You Must Know About Vaccinating Your Dog

Dog vaccinations play a critical role in protecting your dog from many dangerous and even fatal diseases. While state law requires all dogs are vaccinated for rabies, there are a number of other vaccinations that can protect your dog from serious diseases that are easily preventable.

At Indian Trail Animal Hospital we have spent decades educating people about the benefits of dog vaccinations. This includes what vaccines are necessary and how they should be scheduled. Over the years we have been asked every question possible about dog vaccinations and we have compiled some of the most frequently asked ones for you here. This is only meant to be a general introduction dog vaccinations. At your dog's next veterinary appointment, we will be happy to help you understand the vaccination recommendations for your dog.

Dog Vaccinations

What Are Dog Vaccines And Why Are They Important?

Vaccines help prepare a dog's immune system to defend itself from any invasion of disease-causing organisms. Vaccines contain antigens, which mimic disease-causing organisms in a dog's immune system, but don't actually cause disease. The purpose of puppy vaccines and dog vaccines is to mildly stimulate the immune system by having it recognize the antigens present. This way, if a dog becomes exposed to the real disease, it's immune system will recognize it, and therefore be prepared to fight it off, or at the least reduce its effects.

What Are The Core Dog Vaccinations?

Core puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations are considered vital to all canines based on a universal risk of exposure, the severity of disease, and the risk of transmission to other dogs, as well as other animal species including human beings.

The American Animal Hospital Association's Canine Task Force considers the following dog vaccinations to be core:

  • Canine Parvovirus
  • Canine Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Rabies
  • Leptospirosis

Non core - vaccines include

  • Bordetella
  • Canine Influenza (dog flu)
  • Lyme vaccine

Although these vaccines are not considered Core, they are very important for most dogs who may be exposed to these infectious diseases. At your dog's next appointment, we will be happy to review which of the above make the most sense for your dog and make the appropriate recommendations.

Rabies vaccinations are required by law in most states, including NC. Owners must periodically have their dogs and puppies vaccinated against rabies, but the specific time frames for puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations vary by state. In NC, puppy rabies vaccine is generally given at 16 weeks ( no earlier than week 12), and the rabies vaccination is good for one year. For adult dogs, the rabies vaccination is good for three years and should be addressed at the time of the first visit for new patients. For example, a puppy would receive the rabies vaccine at 16 weeks, 1 year and then again at age 4.

Dog Vaccinations Dachshund

Are There Optional Dog Vaccines?

Although puppy vaccines and dog vaccinations are very important to the overall health and wellness of your canine companion, not every puppy or dog needs to be vaccinated against every disease. Some canine vaccinations should only be administered depending upon factors including:

  • Age
  • Medical history
  • Environment
  • Travel habits
  • Lifestyle

Therefore, it is very important for us to discuss the vaccination protocol that's right for your canine companion at your next appointment.

When To Start Puppy Vaccinations

In general, a puppy should start vaccines as soon as you get the puppy (this is usually between 6 and 8 weeks) and then every three weeks until approximately four months of age when it will receive the final round. Generally, if the puppy's mother has a healthy immune system, it will most likely receive antibodies in the mother's milk while nursing. After a puppy has been weaned off of the mother's milk, vaccinations should begin.

Puppy Vaccination Schedule

We typically recommend the following vaccination schedule for puppies:

  • 6-7 weeks: DHPP*, Bordetella
  • 9-10 weeks: DHPP, Bordetella, Leptospirosis
  • 12-13 weeks: DHPP, Leptospirosis, Canine Influenza**, Lyme Disease
  • 15-17 weeks: DHPP, Rabies, Canine Influenza, Lyme Disease

**Canine influenza and Lyme vaccinations are given depending on the lifestyle of the dog

*DHPP - distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, parainfluenza.

It is important to stay current with your puppy vaccine schedule. Puppy vaccinations have been medically proven to combat many preventable diseases and illnesses that can occur without proper immunizations. Adhering to a puppy vaccine schedule is synonymous with responsible puppy care. Your puppy deserves every chance to be healthy and happy for life and vaccinations play an important role. Don't run the risk of your puppy contracting one of these terrible diseases, when they are so easily preventable.

**Some puppies may need additional vaccinations against parvovirus after 15 weeks of age. Consult with the veterinarian at your next appointment.

Dog Vaccination Schedule

Once your puppy reaches adulthood, and all of the core puppy vaccines have been administered, your veterinarian can begin implementing an adult dog vaccination schedule. A dog vaccination schedule consists of periodic adult boosters*, which are combinations of the same type of DHPP vaccine administered to puppies, along with several other additions.

When dogs come in for their first one year visit, we recommend boostering their DHPP, Leptospirosis, and Rabies vaccines as well as Canine Influenza and Lyme if the lifestyle of the dog requires these vaccines. If Kennel Cough (Bordetella) is due at this time, it should also be administered.

The Amount Of Time Each Vaccination Is Effective Is As Follows:

  • DHPP - 3 years
  • Rabies - 3 years
  • Leptospirosis - 1 year
  • Canine Influenza - 1 year
  • Lyme Disease - 1 year
  • Bordetella (Kennel Cough) - 1 year

Side Effects And Risks Associated With Dog Vaccinations

The benefits of vaccinations far outweigh any risks. Adverse reactions to dog vaccines are rare. However, as with any medication or immunization protocol, puppy vaccinations and dog vaccinations can cause some side effects. We do recommend that you have your puppy or dog vaccinated at time when when you can monitor them after the vaccination.

If your dog does experience any reaction to vaccinations, symptoms may include:

  • Fever
  • Sluggishness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Facial or paw swelling and/or hives
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Pain or swelling around the injection site
  • Collapse, difficulty breathing, and seizures (anaphylactic shock)

Just as with human vaccines, mild symptoms can be ignored. The majority of reactions are mild and short lived. If you suspect a more severe reaction to puppy vaccines or dog vaccines, such as facial swelling, vomiting or lethargy, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

Scheduling An Appointment For Dog Vaccinations

A puppy vaccination schedule should be established during your first veterinarian visit, which should take place within a week of receiving your new puppy. An adult dog vaccination schedule, which includes periodic booster immunizations, can be scheduled after the puppy vaccination schedule has been completed, or immediately upon welcoming an adolescent or adult dog into your family.

As with any other immunization protocol, a dog vaccination schedule should be adhered to without deviation, in order to ensure your canine companion remains healthy, happy and well for the duration of his or her life. Schedule an appointment for your canine companion to receive their vaccinations today.

Schedule An Appointment To Get Your Dog Vaccinated Today!

Featured Quote:

So there are four core vaccines with dog vaccinations and then there are two lifestyle or what we would call non-core vaccinations.

Video Transcript:

Hi, this is Dr. Tabony with Indian Trail Animal Hospital. We're going to take just a few minutes today to talk about vaccinations and dogs. This is Sookie, Dr. Wolfe's dog. She's well protected with her vaccinations, and we want your pets to be too.

So there are four core vaccines with dog vaccinations and then there are two lifestyle or what we would call non-core vaccinations. I'll run through those, but do know that we treat every patient as an individual at our practice, so while there are standards, there could be some variations depending on your pet's health and their needs.

So for the core vaccines, first we've got the distemper parvo. That is a combination vaccine, but distemper and parvo as a part of the combination are the most common diseases and most concerning diseases. Distemper is a neurologic condition that can be quite scary, and parvo virus is a gastrointestinal illness. So distemper parvo is a core vaccine. The frequency of that vaccination changes as the pet ages. In fact, in older pets we'll sometimes do tighter testing for distemper parvo if they've had multiple throughout their lifetime they may still be protected even beyond the next three year recommendation.

The second core vaccine is bordetella, also known as kennel cough. Common miscommunication and misinformation regarding that vaccine is about the need for it. In fact, every pet does need to be protected for kennel cough even if they're not boarding, grooming or around other animals a lot, because we certainly want to avoid any coughing difficulties at night when they contact that even from sniffing a blade of grass that an animal infected might have had the disease, and can transmit just from sniffing leaf to leaf and grass to grass. So bordetella, kennel cough, is your second core vaccine.

The third core vaccine is rabies, of course, state law. We don't hear about rabies a lot in dogs these days, which is really a blessing, but it is still required and very important. It is interesting to note that the most common way that people and dogs in our area get rabies, and it happens in the county with pets every year, is from bats. Pets will be exposed to a bat bite and not even know it. So, even though it's not as much of a problem as it used to be, it is still a requirement and an important vaccine protection.

The fourth vaccine requirement is leptospirosis. That is a bacteria that can cause liver or kidney disease. And is more frequently found in our area because of the construction that's here.

The two non-core vaccines, again, lifestyle things that we'll discuss with you are Lyme, from tick-borne illness. Remember that Lyme ticks, even the adults are quite small, and the nymph ticks, the baby Lyme ticks, are so small that they're smaller than a poppy seed. So you would never find them, you wouldn't know if they're present. We'll discuss the importance and particular nature of the need of that vaccine with you at your visit.

And then the other one is flu. So, little bit different than human flu, there are two types of dog flu. One in particular is more dangerous, but the vaccine contains both of them. If your dog is going to daycare, groom, pet sits with a pet sitter that's going in and out of homes and those types of situations, then your pet should have flu.

If you have questions, we're more than happy to answer them. This is what we do every day is protect pets, work with individual families so they can do the best for their pets and we look forward to seeing you at your next visit. Thank you.

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